• Knowing Paris polyphylla
  • Resource sharing

Members of the genus Paris species are perennial herbs with stout or slender rhizomes. The stout rhizomes have dense nodes with form 3–4 rings and produce a new caudal scar every year (the ring being a trace of shed scale leaves), whereas the slender rhizomes are creeping, less than 5 mm in diameter, with elongated internodes, more than 10 mm in length. Stems are single, erect, developing in spring and withering in winter, with 4 to >10 petiolate or sessile leaves arranged in a whorl at the top of the stem. Leaf blades are solid green or with purple patches, with 3 veins or pinnate veins. Flowers are terminal and borne singly at the center of the leaf whorl; pedicel elongated, a continuation of the stem, erect. Tepals are free, in two whorls, persistent, and clearly differentiated, with the outer whorl composed of sepals, inner whorl composed of petals, and equal numbers of sepals and petals; sepals are leaf-like, broad and long, green, sparsely white; petals, when present, are narrow, linear or filiform, usually yellowish-green, longer or shorter than sepals, alternating with sepals. Stamens are present in 2-5(-6) whorls, their number is 2-5(-6) times more than the number of sepals; filaments are long or short; anthers linear, with 2 locules, laterally longitudinally lobed. Pollen is yellow; grains oblate spheroidal, zygomorphic, with a single distal groove, outer wall ornamented with cavities, sulcate, reticulate, and wrinkled reticulate. Anther septum, when protruding above anthers, is either spherical or linear. Ovary is spheroidal, often green, 1-loculed with parietal placentation and a discoid thickened stylopodium at the apex or (3-)4-loculed with axial placentation without a thickened apical part as the stylopodium. Style is conspicuous, divided into branching stigmas, and stigma number is equal to the placentation number. Carpels, placentas, or locules equal to the number of sepals; ovules, numerous, anatropous, with a thick and short funicle. Fruits are red or yellow, often angular, either 1-loculed and irregularly dehiscent between placentas (interlocular dehiscence) or multi-loculed and indehiscent, and with a juicy exocarp. Seeds are numerous, each with a dark purple or black testa that may be partially covered by spongy white or yellow aril; cotyledons single, cordate. (See figure at right for descriptions of organs.)

(From《The Genus Paris》)

Discovery of new species

  1. Ji Y H, Zhou Z K, Li H ,et al. Paris xichouensis, a new combination of Trilliaceae from China[J]. journal of systematics&evolution, 2006, 44(5):612-613.
  2. Peng Z X , Zhao R N .A new species of Paris from Gansu procince, China [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 1986, 6(2):55-56.
  3. Li H. A new species of Paris [J]. Journal of plant taxonomy and resources, 1982, 5(4):77-78.
  4. Li H. Two new species of Paris [J]. Journal of plant taxonomy and resources, 1984, 6(3):273-276.
  5. Ji Y H, Li H, Zhou Z K. Paris polyphylla in Gaoping -- a new species of Paris (Trillium) from northern Vietnam [J]. Journal of plant taxonomy, 2006, 44(6):700-703.
  6. Li H , Lei L G , Yang Y M . Paris yanchii, A New Species of Paris Linnaeus (Melanthaceae) from Yunnan, China ,2017(1):5.
  7. Ji, Y., C. Yang, and Y. Huang, A new species of Paris sect. Axiparis (Melanthiaceae) from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa, 2017,306(3): p. 234-236
  8. Wang, Z., et al., Paris nitida (Melanthiaceae), a new species from Hubei and Hunan, China. Phytotaxa, 2017, 314(1): p. 145-149.
  9. Yang, J.U.N., Y.-H. Wang, and H. Li, Paris qiliangiana (Melanthiaceae), a new species from Hubei, China. Vol. 329. 2017. 193.
  10. Yang, J., et al., Rediscovery and supplemental description of Paris birmanica (Melanthiaceae), a species endemic to Myanmar. Phytotaxa, 2019. 391(3): p. 240-242.
  11. Qiao Q, Zhang C Q. Rohdea lihengiana (Ruscaceae s. lato), a New Species from Yunnan, China[J]. Annales Botanici Fennici, 2008, 45(6):481-484.

Research progress

  1. Yang Y H, Jun-Bo L U, Liu Y H, et al. The Analysis of Bletilla Paris polyphylla.Research Development Review from Literatures in China[J]. Traditional Chinese medicine,2008,31(1):165-167.
  2. Gu Z J, Wang L, Li H. Cell morphology of some monocotyledons in Dulongjiang area [J].
  3. Li H. Flea Xiu, Paris polyphylla and Wang Sun [J]. Guangxi plants, 1986, 6(3):187-192.
  4. Li H, Chen C X, Ding J K. Chemical composition, geographical distribution and resource evaluation of Paris polyphylla [J]. Journal of plant classification and resources ,1988(S1):38-46.
  5. Chen C X, Ding J K, Ruan D Y, et al. Analysis of steroidal saponins in Paris polyphylla by HPLC [J].Journal of plant classification and resources, 1987, 9(4):495-502.
  6. Ji B R, Li H, Feng W C, et al. Immunoserological studies on the Paris polyphyllaa [J]. Journal of plant classification and resources, 1986,8(3):323-332.
  7. Hu R. Research progress of Paris [J]. Journal of Shanxi University of traditional Chinese medicine, 2015, 16(3):75-78.
  8. Li H. Taxonomic studies on Paris [J]. Plant studies, 1986, 6(1):109-144.
  9. Liu J. Genetic diversity and microarray identification of Paris [D]. Central South University, 2012.
  10. Li H. New taxa of Paris [J]. Journal of plant taxonomy and resources, 1992(S5):13-18.
  11. Gu Z J, Li H. Cytotaxonomy of Paris [J]. Journal of plant taxonomy and resources, 1988, 10(2):125-137.
  12. Li H. Discussion on the phylogeny of Paris [J]. Journal of plant classification and resources, 1984, 6(4):351-362.
  13. Wang S L, Zhao Y L, Li X Y, et al. Study on powdery and colloidal Paris var. yunnanensis [J]. Journal of plant classification and resources, 1996,18(3):345-348.
  14. Wang Q, Xu G J, Li H, et al. Microscopic identification of Paris polyphylla [J]. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University, 1989,21(6):298-301.